The word Idukki derived from the word Idukki which means a gorge. The perennial river Periyar flows through a narrow gorge between two granite hills, the legendary KURAVAN and KURATHI where the Idukki Arch Dam is constructed.
The area of the district is 5019 Sq. kms. For revenue administration the district is sub divided into four taluks viz., Devikulam, Peerumedu, Udumbanchola and Thodupuzha. For purposes of developmental activities it is divided into eight blocks Arudai, Devikulam, Elamdesom, Idukki, Kattappana, Adimali, Nedumkandom and Thodupuzha. The district is bounded by Kottayam and Pathanamthitta districts on the south, Thrissur and Coimbatore districts on the north, Madurai, Ramanad and Thirunelveli districts on the east and Eranakulam and Kottayam districts on the west,
Though the district cannot boast of a history of the rise and fall of a few dynasties, it played a significant role in the spiritual development of the country, especially the south. The Ramayana gives a graphic description of the flora of the Pamba Valley.
It is believed that the name Sabarimala derived from Sabari Ashram which was located at Sabari Peedom near Sabari Mala, one of the famous Pilgrim centres. The Lord Ayyappa Temple at Sabarimala is supposed to be the place where a great Jain or Buddhist monk attained Nirvana. (Now Sabarimala is in Pathanamthitta district). The archaeological evidence of the Mangaladevi Temple 15 kms. from Thekkadi in the dense forest bespeaks of an equally shrouded antiquity. May be, with its undulating hills and valleys and the perennial rivers the district formed a recluse for the spiritual seekers of ancient India.
But the history of the present population of the district is very recent. It is a history of colonisation braving inclement weather, wild animals and epidemics. It is also a history of the exploitation of labour and labour struggles. Settling in the district began in all seriousness during the Ministry of Sri T.K.Narayana Pillai, as a sequence to the grow-more-food campaign in the State. These migrants who constituted a few planters and a cross section of the people became the nucleus of the present population. In the days of Shri Pattom Thanu Pillai it became a systematic colonisation. Kallar Pattom colony in Udumbanchola taluk bears the imprint of his name. That the earliest human habitation of the district started from Tamil Nadu in the first two decades of the present century can be gauged from the story that while Maharaja Sri Mulam was personally supervising the construction of the Dam on Mullaperiyar river he felt thirsty and a shepherd called Ankur Rautar gave him milk hot from the udder of the sheep. The delighted Maharaja gave him title over extensive forest land which his descendants sold to land owners in Tamil Nadu and with the help of cheap labour they were converted into Cardamom or Tea Plantations. The area around Munnar developed from the time when the British made it their summer resort. Here too the immediate accessible population was from Tamil Nadu and Munnar became a Tamil pocket in Kerala.
Sprawling over an area of 5,061 sq. kms. the district is marked by undulating hills and valleys. The high ranges vary in altitude from 2500 ft. above mean sea level in Kulamavu to more than 5,000 ft. above M.S.L. in Munnar. The highest peak in Kerala, Anamudi is in the district. It is 8,841 ft. high. The different levels of elevation promote the growth of diverse flora. Except a bit of midland region in the western portions of Thodupuzha taluk all the remaining areas consisting of Devikulam, Peerumedu and Udumbanchola taluks and the eastern portion of the Thodupuzha taluk are entirely highland region. Granite hills touching the skies and being skirted round with thick rain-fed sylvan forest render a terrific charm to the district. There are eleven peaks in Idukki which exceed a height of 6000 ft. above M.S.L. The highland region is having a comparatively cold climate. In peaks above an elevation of 2400 metres the temperature at times falls down to near freezing point in the w riter. Occurrence of mist is usual in the highland region lying over an elevation of 1300 metres above M.S.L.
The annual rainfall in the district varies from 250 to 425 cms. But, it is recorded that the annual rainfall had gone upto 700 CMS in certain years. The eastern and northeastern regions of the district get very low rainfall in contrast to other areas. This may go up to 150 CMS at Marayur, Kanthalloor, Vattavada and Thalayar regions. Marayur and Kanthalloor are virtually rain shadow areas, lying in the eastern side of the Western Ghats.
Periyar, Thodupuzhayar and Thalayar are the three important rivers of the district. Though the Pamba river originates from the district it mostly runs through the Pathanamthitta district. Devikulam, Eravikulam and Elaveezha Poonchira are three fresh water lakes in Idukki.
The district has at present about 260907 ha. forest area. However, the sylvan wealth of the district and the animal life are fast disintegrating due to deforestation, indiscriminate felling of trees, encroachment and poaching. All kinds of wild animals with the exception of lions abound in the forests of Idukki. The grasslands of Peerumedu are a haven of carnivores like the tiger and the leopard. This is chiefly so, as they are a natural upon. Bison, wild bear, languor and monkeys are a few other common denizens of the jungle. The Thar (striped goat) seen in Marayur region and Rajamala is found nowhere else in the world. The forest glades of Idukki resound in day time with the sweet voices of birds. They include the small wild parrots, mynas, red horned sparrows and a host of other nondescript species.
The valuable trees growing in the forests are teak, rosewood, deodars, sandal etc. The Forest Department has reared large Eucalyptus Plantations in the hilly tracts.
The population of the district, according to 2001 census, is 1,128,605. The density of population is 252 per sq. km.
Most of the Harijans work as agricultural labourers in the tea and cardamom estates. Ayyappancoil and Pampadumpara of Udumbanchola taluk, Kumali of Peerumedu taluk, Kuttampuzha, Mannamkandam and Marayur of Devikulam taluk, Vannappuram, Vazhathope and Velliyamattom of Thodupuzha taluk are the concentrations of Harijans. Mannans, Mala Arayans, Urali, Muthuvans, Hill Pulaya, Paliyan and Ulladan are the different groups of tribals in the district. All these tribes are not aborigins. The Muthuvans of Marayoor, Kanthaloor and Vattavada panchayats speak Tamil dialects. Their tribal legends show that they were the loyal servants of a section of the royal dynasty of Madurai and they carried the idols of Madurai Meenakshi for the fleeing royal members on their backs which are known in Tamil as 'Muthuku'. Thrown out from power at Madurai the surviving members of the Madurai Royal family established the Poonjar dynasty in Kerala, and the servants who came with them with the idols on heir backs settle d in the forests near Tamil Nadu, and are now known as Muthuvans. They are agriculturists. The Mala Arayans of Vannappuram, Velliyamattom, Udumbannoor and Arankulam panchayats are also agriculturists. They look like the plains-dwellers, and believe that they were a section of the Arayans of the coastal belt of Kerala who migrated to the forest and came to be known as Mala Arayans.
Christians constitute the majority among the population of the district. They settled in the High Ranges in the course of their search for pastures anew. Behind the agricultural development of Idukki there is the untold hardship of this hard working people in the early days of settlement. Though there are many rich estate owners among them, the majority are middle class farmers earning their livelihood through their struggle against soil and climate.
Muslims are confined to certain pockets of the district. The municipality of Thodupuzha has a large Muslim population. They are mostly small traders and business men. In Munnar there are a few rich Muslims engaged in flourishing business. The Muslims of Kumily hailed from Tamil Nadu. Some of them have cardamoms estates of their own and the others are engaged in trade. In Peerumedu there is a large number of Muslim families. The name "Peerumedu" derived from the name of a Muslim Saint "Pir Mohammed".
Nairs form a small portion of the population of Idukki. The eastern part of Thodupuzha has a considerable Nair population. They are mostly engaged in agriculture.
In Udumbanchola taluk Ezhava are numerically second to the Christians. Most of them are small farmers. In Thodupuzha and Peerumedu taluks too their numerical strength is comparatively high.
Devikulam and Peerumedu taluks a large concentration of Tamilians who are mainly labourers in tea and cardamom estates. This population is slightly fluctuating in nature as they are having their permanent settlements in Tamil Nadu. Most of the cardamom estates are owned by Tamilians living in Cumbum, Gudalur and other towns in the adjoining Madurai district.
The economy of Idukki is predominantly agricultural, Cardamom, tea, tapioca, rice, pepper, rubber, coconut, sugarcane, coffee, arecanut, ginger, lemon grass and vegetables are the most important agricultural produces of the district.
Crop husbandry and animal husbandry are thus the main occupation of the people. Agriculturists and agricultural labourers constitute the bulk of the population. About ten per cent of the total population are estate labourers.
The "Cardamom small" botanically known as "Elettaria Cardamom" is an export-oriented plantation crop, which is grown at an elevation of 600 to 1200 metres above m.s.l. under the shade of evergreen forests. It is cultivated in 56,376 hectares in Kerala of which 70 per cent is in the Idukki district. On an average Kerala contributes around 70 per cent of the national production of the 'Queen of Spices' in which also Idukki contributes the maximum share. Thanks to the persistent efforts of the Cardamom Board and the co-operation of cultivators and labourers the crop of cardamom has reached an all time high.
The tea bush is planted in 23,415 hectares. Most of the tea estates are located in Devikulam and Peerumedu taluks. The tea estates of Munnar are owned by large companies. But in Peerumedu and Vandanmedu areas there are small estates and small individual holdings. Kannan Devan in Devikulam taluk and Malayalam Plantations in Peerumedu taluk are the biggest tea estates in the district. The Kannan Devan Estate is now owned by the Tata Tea Company while the Malayalam Plantation is possessed by British nationals.
It is grown in 7246 hectares. The main problem of Tapioca growers is the difficulty in marketing their produce. The discovery that silkworm can grow on the leaves of tapioca and yield valuable silk yarn and the proposal to start a factory for manufacturing starch from tapioca may give a fillip to tapioca cultivation. At the same time rubber plantations are making considerable inroads into this sphere.
It is cultivated 3640 hectares. The rice fields of the district are basically double crop ones except in Vattavada and Kanthalloor.
It is grown in 9389 hectares. The cultivation of coffee provides an additional income to growers of other kinds of crops.
It grows on 1600 hectares of forest land and also on titled and untitled holdings of private individuals in the Marayoor region of Devikulam taluk. The sandal tree is declared as State property but extraction of sandal oil on commercial footing is yet to be started.
All the yielding coconut plantations are in Thodupuzha taluk and in Kokkayar and Peruvanthanam panchayats of Peerumedu taluk.
It is rewarding crop and it is extensively cultivated Peruvamthanam and Kokkayar Panchayats of Peerumedu taluk and Muttom, Arakulam Vannappuram, Kodikulam, Velliyamattom, Alakode and Karikode Panchayats of Thodupuzha taluk.
It is grown in Marayur and Kanthallur.
There are no major irrigation in the district. The Malankara Irrigation Dam meant to impound the tail-waters of the Idukki Project would irrigate the western portion of Thodupuzha taluk. However, the benefits of the project would largely accure to Eranakulam and Kottayam districts. The ground water resources of the district as a whole are reported to be very poor except in certain localities.
The whole district, especially the high land region is highly suited for economic dairy farming. This is made possible by the availability of fodder and vast areas of pastures for free grazing of cattle and buffaloes. There are about 1,400 hectares of land under permanent pastures besides the forest lands. Cattle can be fed with fodder, mainly green grass which can be collected from pastures or they can be let to free grazing in the pastures. There were 40 veterinary institution, ie., three veterinary polyclinics, one artificial insemination centre, two mobile farm aid units, one mobile veterinary hospital, one clinical laboratory, 30 veterinary hospitals, one veterinary dispensary and one district poultry farm in the district. Also artificial insemination facilities are available in twenty-five centres.
The Indo-Swiss Project now merged with the Kerala Livestock Development and Milk Marketing Board has done admirable work in the field of economic dairy farming in the district. This project came into being during the later half of 1963 on the basis of a bilateral agreement executed between the Swiss Confederation and the Government of India. The headquarters of the project is at Mattupetty in Devikulam taluk. It is located at an elevation of 1700 metres and 15 kms. away from Munnar. The overall control of this project is now vested with the newly formed Kerala Livestock Development and Milk Marketing Board. The extension unit of the project located at Kolahalamedu near Elappara in Peerumedu taluk serves as a supporting bull mother farm. Also the Regional Semen Bank is functioning at Base Station, Kolahalamedu. The Indo-Swiss Project has evolved the Swiss Brown cross breed of cattle suited for the State. New and intensive programme is being launched to improve the breed of the local cattle. There are about 86 artificial insemination centres in the district, and through them the breed improvement programme is being carried out. The functions of the State Dairy Development Department, the Animal Husbandry Department and K.L.D. and M.M. Board are identical in nature. They highland region is also suited for economic goat rearing.
Eighty per cent of the power production of Kerala is from Idukki district which is generated from the different hydroelectric projects scattered in the high ranges of the district.
It consists of three major dams. The Idukki Arch Dam has been constructed across Periyar River in a narrow gorge between two granite hills. It is 550 ft. high and at the base its thickness is 65 ft. This is a double curvature Arch Dam and in regard to height it comes second in the country. No far off from the Idukki Arch Dam, across river Cheruthony is built a concrete gravity Dam. It is known as Cheruthony Dam and its height is 454 ft. The spill way of the Idukki Reservoir is the Cheruthony 'dam. To prevent the water escape through a rivulet, called 'Kalivally' 30 kms west to Idukki Arch Dam, a free masonry dam, is constructed across Killivallly at Kulamavu. It is 328 ft. high.
The water impounded by these three dams has formed a single reservoir spread over 36 miles on a height of 2300 ft. m.s.l. Along a power tunnel from the Kulamavu basin water flowers to the pressure shafts in the underground power house beneath Nadukani hills at Moolamattom. In the power house there are huge generators of a total capacity of 780 M.W. After the generation of electricity water flows through a 4000 ft. long tunnel to a tributary of Thodupuzha river. The Idukki Project was completed with the economic and technological assistance of Canada in accordance with the Colombo Plan of Commonwealth Countries.
The first hydro-power station in the State utilising the waters of the Mundirapuzha river was commissioned in 1939 at Pallivasal with an installed capacity of 13,500 kw. The acute power shortage as a result of increased industrial activities during the wartime necessitated the second stage development of the Pallivasal Project.
Under this stage Dam was constructed at Mattupatty across Mudirapuzha for regulation of water supply to the power station and two sets of 7500 kW each were installed. During the first Five Year Plan one unit of 7500 kW and three more units of 5000 kW each were installed. The storage capacities of Kundle and Mattupetty reservoirs are 270 Mc. feet and 1950 Mc. Feet respectively. A barrage built across the river at Munnar diverts the water through a tunnel 10,235 feet long and through four pipe lines to a power station on the right bank of the river at Pallivasal. This water is used to generate 32.5 mw power.
Under this scheme which was completed during the First Five Year Plan, the tail water from the Pallivasal Power Station is led along 2000 feet long open channel to a pump house forebay. Water is pumped from this forebay to the inlet of a 5700 feet long tunnel. The power generation at this station is 48 M.W.
The project utilises the tail waters of Sengulam Power Station and Panniar Power Station and the excess catchment of the Mudirapuzha river below Munnar. The diversion dam constructed across Mudirapuzha at Kallarkutty has a live storage capacity of 230 Mc. Feet The power station is at Panamkutty, a little downstream of the confluence of Mudirapuzha with Periyar river. The power generation capacity of this station is 45 M.W.
It is developed on Panniar, a tributary of the Mudirapuzha river. Two reservoirs, an upper reservoir at Anayirankal and a lower reservoir at Ponmudi have storage capacity of 1730 Mc. Feet long tunnel and two 2495 feet long pipe lines to a power station situated on the left bank of Mudirapuzha opposite to Sengulam Power Station. The power generation is below 30 M.W.
This scheme envisages utilisation of the tail waters from the existing Neriyamangalam Power Station and the spill from Kallarkutty head works, the available yield from the Perinjankutty catchment area below the dam at Kallarkutty, Perinjankutty and Idukki. The project has a capacity of 180 M.W.
Idukki district is industrially backward, despite generation of large quantum of power. Government of India has declared the district as "No Industry District". Lack of infrastructural facilities, vastness and the resulting remoteness of the district and the diversity in climate are all factors which hurdle the establishment and growth of industries in the district. At present there are 2082 registered small scale industrial units functioning in this district.
The Indian Railway does not touch the district of Idukki so also is the National Highway. The Cochin-Munnar Road, Kottayam-Kumily Road, Thodupuzha-Idukki Road and Kumily-Munnar Road are the major roads in the district. Jeeps are the chief means of conveyance. (See Roads in barefacts of Idukki).
There are 290 Post Offices and 73 Telephone exchanges in the district.
With its matches scenic beauty the district has tremendous tourist potentialities. The Periyar Wild Life Sanctuary at Thekkady is in the district and it ranks the foremost among the places of tourist attractions in Kerala.
Organised around the Periyar Lake, formed by the damming of the Periyar river, this tourist paradise, cushioned into the Virgin jungle of the Western Ghats, can never fail to strike any tourist as a spot of unrivalled sylvan splendour. The sanctuary for wild game spreads over an area of 673 sq.kms. And is located at a height of 900 to 1800 metres above mean sea level area, in many parts it appears to end just round the next bend. Then as the motor launch wends its way further the tourist gaps with wonder as he sees the lake suddenly grow, as it were, into a large expanse or into a vista of an endless fringe of bays and curves.
The wild animals generally seen are elephants, bisons, sambur, monkeys and wild bear. There are tigers foraging in the area but to have a glimpse of them is a matter of luck for the visitors. However, on a sunny summer day, herds of wild elephants numbering sometimes fifty or sixty are sure to be seen grazing on the hills or bathing in the lake. The bisons, however are a wary and hardly lot and hardly ever allow any intruder to approach them. The noise of the cruising boat is picked by their sensitive ears and they withdraw. At certain places besides the lake there are observation towers. Those who are staying at Thekkady for a few days can make use of these towers for watching the animals.
A visit to this sanctuary offers many sided attractions. Some of the famous tea gardens are located around this place. Peerumedu, 43 kms. below Thekkady on the road to Kottayam, provides opportunity for a delightful golf-course, and if a stopover is desired, the Tourist Bungalow at Peerumedu offers excellent facilities and good cuisine. The folds of hillock are delectable for hike and trek.
The Kerala's Tourism Development Corporation has provided different types of accommodation for visitors. They can choose either the western style hotel Aranya Nivas at Thekkady or the Edappalayam Tourist Bungalow which is located right inside the sanctuary. The Periyar House at Thekkady is an economy-type lodging and catering especially to group tours and is located near the Aranya Nivas Hotel. Boat-cruising on Idukki reservoir too is a pleasant experience. The different colours of the forest glades changing with the shifting sun and shade make the land around the reservoir a strange world. Munnar town is a summer resort. The English Club there, is a remnant of its bygone glory. Three rivulets namely Mudirapuzha, Nallathanni and Kundala joint together to form "Munnar" (three rivers) near town. The peak of Anamudi atop Rajamalai is another centre for tourists to visit. Trekking the peak is very strenuous but when one is top of it the light airs there would soon ease him. From there one can see the sea around Kochi, the entire Kochi City, and on the east the slopes of the western ghats descend to the vast dry plains of Tamil Nadu. Watching the striped goat is an attraction here.
This is an ideal place for adventure tourism and trekking. The fresh mountain air, the mist-clad hills and panoramic view make it worthy of a visit.
Echo Point (15 km from Munnar) This scenic place gets its name from the natural echo phenomenon here. Echo Point is on the way to Top Station from Munnar.
Getting there:
Nearest airport: Madurai in Tamil Nadu, about 140 kms, Cochin International Airport, Nedumbassery, about 190 kms
Nearest railway station: Theni in Tamil Nadu, about 60 kms, Changanacherry, about 93 kms.
Rolling green hills and the fresh mountain air make Ramakalmedu and enchanting retreat. The hilltop also offers a panoramic view of the picturesque villages of Bodi and Cumbum on the eastern slope of the Western Ghats. Distance 45 km from Idukki, 40 km from Thekkady and 75 km from Munnar
Getting there:
16 km from Nedumkandam, Thekkady-Munnar Road.
Nearest railway station: Changanacherry, about 93 km.
Nearest airport: Madurai (Tamil Nadu) about 140 km, Cochin International Airport, Nedumbassery, about 190 km
Peeremede is a lovely hill station, an ideal retreat in the Western Ghats and a choice break for tourists en route to the Periyar Tiger Reserve.
Sprawling gardens of tea, coffee,cardamom, rubber and eucalyptus lying side by side with natural grasslands, pine forests and waterfalls make this an ideal summer resort. The summer palace of Rajas of erstwhile Travancore is today an important monument here.
Peeremede and its surroundings are suitable for trekking, cycling and horse riding. Kuttikanam a place for adventure tourism and trekking is just 3 km from Peeremede.
Another attraction here is Thrissanku Hills four km away. The rolling hills, the lovely landscape and the gentle breeze make this a choice spot for long walks. The hills offer a breathtaking view of the sunrise and sunset.
Location: About 40 km from Kumily,Idukki district, central Kerala.
Attractions: 915 m above sea level.
Munnar, one of the most popular hillstations in India is situated at the confluence of three mountain streams - Mudrapuzha, Nallathanni and Kundala. Located at 1600 m above sea level, this was once the summer resort of the erstwhile British Government in South India. Sprawling tea plantations, picture book towns, winding lanes, trekking and holiday facilities make Munnar a unique experience.
Anayirangal (22 km from Munnar): It's a lush green carpet of tea plants. A trip on the splendid reservoir is an unforgettable experience. The Anayirangal dam is surrounded by Tata Tea plantations and evergreen forests. An ideal picnic spot.
Top Station (32 km from Munnar): 1700m above sea level, this is the highest point on the Munnar-Kodaikanal road. The rare Neelakurunji (Strobilanthus) belongs to this region. Top Station also offers a panoramic view of neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu.
Getting there:
Nearest airport: Madurai (Tamil Nadu), about 140 km away Cochin International Airport, about 190 km away
Nearest railway station: Theni (Tamil Nadu), about 60 km away, Changanacherry, about 93 km away
Thrissanku, located 4 km from Peermede, half a km from Kuttikanam. The landscape here is breathtaking with rolling hills and a gentle breeze caressing. A perfect spot to unwind and to go for long walks.. The spectacular view of the sunset and sunrise from these hills is simply awesome.
Peeru Hills: Located 4 km from Peermede, 1 km from Kuttikanam. A true haven for trekkers and picnickers, Peeru Hills gets its name after the Sufi saint, Peer Mohammed who spent his last days here. Some of the spots worth visiting include the mausoleum of the Sufi saint, the summer palace of the royal family and the residence of the Diwan, all located nearby.
Getting there:
Nearest airport: Cochin International Airport, Nedumbassery, about 180 km away.
Nearest railway station: Kottayam, about 75 km away.
Fifteen km from Munnar, the famous hill station of Kerala, is the beautiful Rajamala. The natural habitat of the Nilgiri Tahr (Hemitragas hylocres), the Eravikulam - Rajamala region is now home to half the world population estimated at around 1300 - of this endangered mountain goat. But the Tahr is only one of the reasons to make a visit to Rajamala. The picturesque beauty of this mountain will make you want to tent here forever!
Accessing Munnar:
By road: Distance from Munnar to some tourist centres Goa: 930 km; Chennai: 600 km; Malampuzha: 230 km, Kodaikkanal: 195 km, Kumarakom: 160 km, Top station: 34 km, Anamudi: 20 km.
Nearest railway station: Kottayam railway station, 142 km away
Nearest airport: Cochin international airport, 130 km away and in neighboring Tamil Nadu, Madhurai airport, 142 km away.
This picturesque spectrum of exotic flora, fauna and gurgling streams is cradled between Chellarkovil and the Tamil Nadu border. A popular picnic spot, Pandikuzhi offers great opportunities for trekking and is a photographer's delight.
Getting there:
Nearest airport: Madurai in Tamil Nadu, about 140 kms Cochin International Airport, Nedumbassery, about 190 kms.
Nearest railway station: Theni in Tamil Nadu, about 60 kms Changanacherry, about 93 kms.
Cradled by the undulating plantation hills of Munnar, and not far away from the Anamudi peak is Mattupetty. Situated in the famous hill town of Munnar, Mattupetty located 13 km from Munnar is situated at a height of 1700 m, and is a delight for nature lovers.
Mattupetty offers many fascinating sights to relish. Besides the lush green tea plantations, and the rolling grasslands, the Shola forests in and around Mattupetty are ideal for trekking and are habitat to a variety of birds. Rivulets and cascades crisscross the terrain here, which again adds more attraction to the place.?
One of the main attractions in Mattupetty is the beautiful lake, and the Mattupetty Dam, which are ideal picnic spots. The District Tourism Promotion Council (DTPC), Idukki provides boating facilities in the Mattupetty Dam. Speed launch, slow speedboat and motorboats are available on hire. Other nearby places of interest includes the picturesque Kundala tea plantations and the Kundala Lake.?
Of all the main attractions at Mattupetty is the dairy farm, run by the Indo-Swiss Livestock Project. The dairy farm is a unique one of its kind with several varieties of high-yielding cattle being reared.
Getting there:
By road: Mattupetty is just a 13 kms drive from Munnar.
Nearest railway station: Ernakulam, about 130 km from Munnar.
Nearest airport: Cochin International Airport, about 110 km from Munnar.
Munnar is perhaps the choicest of places to preserve and showcase some of the exquisite and interesting aspects on the genesis and growth of tea plantations in Kerala's high ranges. With special emphasis to Munnar, and to the delight of tea lovers and tourists, Tata Tea recently opened a Tea Museum which houses curious, photographs and machineries, each depicting a turning point that contributed to a flourishing tea industry, as seen today in the region.
The museum set up at the Nallathanni Estate of Tata Tea in Munnar is a fitting tribute to the toils and rigours of its pioneers, who showed utmost determination and were resolute in their efforts to transform Munnar into a major plantation centre of Kerala.
The Tata Tea Museum diligently portrays the growth of Munnar tea estates, veritably conveyed through some of the displays like the rudimentary tea roller to the modern fully automated tea factory. Visitors to the museum can satiate their curiosity on various stages of tea processing, and also learn a thing or two about the production of black tea.
A sundial, placed on a granite block, which was made in 1913 by the Art Industrial School at Nazareth, Tamil Nadu, greets a visitor to the Tea Museum. At the museum, if one is curious to locate an item with some antiquity, then the burial urn from the second century BC, which was found near Periakanal estate tops the list.
Some of the attention grabbing items on display at the museum include the original tea roller, the 'Rotorvane,' dating back to 1905, used for CTC type tea processing; the 'Pelton Wheel' used in the power generation plant that existed in the Kanniamallay estate in the 1920s; a rail engine wheel of the Kundale Valley Light Railway that shuttled men and material between Munnar and Top Station during the first half of the last century.
A section of the museum also houses classic bungalow furniture, typewriters, wooden bathtub, magneto phone, iron oven, manual calculators and EPABX of the1909 telephone system.
A demonstration room for tea tasting is another attraction where one would come across different varieties of tea. Those eager to understand the nuances of tea processing can do so at the CTC and orthodox tea-manufacturing unit at the museum. The museum authorities are also contemplating on the idea of allowing tourists to pluck tea leaves themselves and have them processed in their presence.
The Tea Museum by Tata Tea would soon turn out yet another reason for travelers to visit the enchanting plantation hills of Munnar, which have already become one of the prime tourist destinations in Kerala.
Timings: 10:00 a.m. to 05:00 p.m. (open 7 days a week)
Entry Fee: Adults: Rs.50, Children below 12 years: Rs.10
Address: Tata Tea Museum, Nalluthanni Estate, Munnar, Idukki district.
Pattumala or Hill draped in silk thats what they call the fascinating place that we are featuring for you this month. This silken hill, in Peermede in exhilarating Idukki, has charms like no other. The lofty peaks, the little streams and the green expanse of the tea plantations give the hills an ethereal beauty. An early morning walk through all this breathtaking loveliness might make you want to repeat the immortal lines, Bliss was it that dawn to be alive! At the top of a hill is the Velankanni Matha Church, a famous pilgrim center, which is built entirely of granite. Don't miss the delightful flower garden nearby.
Pattumala is also home to two of the biggest names in the tea production sector - Harrisons Malayalam and A V Thomas & Co.
Getting there: 17 km east of Peermede (famous plantation town), 27 km west of Thekkady (or the Periyar wild life sanctuary).
Nearest railwaystation : Kottayam about 75 km away
Nearest airport: Kochi International Airport about 150 km away
Have you visited beautiful, green Vagamon Are you thinking, "In a green country, what's the attraction of yet another verdant spot" Well, the point is Vagamon is not just any other verdant spot. Of course, you can get grassy hills, velvet lawns and cool mountain air in many other places but not the Vagamon kind; not just this exciting blend of religious mysticism and European legacy.
Like a lot of other beautiful things in life, Vagamon too has to be experienced, not read about or its stories merely listened to. What you've got to do is get yourself some means of transport, head straight for Idukki district and then on to Vagamon. Once there, try taking off your shoes, closing your eyes and just listening to Vagamon.
And when you're through with the mystic getting to know session(!), you could take a trek across the chain of three hills - the Thangal hill, the Murugan hill and the Kurisumala, important for Muslims, Hindus and Christians respectively.
And don't miss the nice, little dairy farm of the Kurisumala monks.
Getting there:
By road : 25 km from Peermede, the famous plantation town.
Nearest railway station: Kottayam which is about 75 km from Peermede.
Nearest airport: Cochin International Airport, about 150 km from Peermede.
The winding journey to this hill along the Periyar River, offers a stunning view of hills draped in lush greenery. Velvet lawns and rare flora and fauna add to the beauty of Pullumedu. The famous Sree Ayyappa Temple at Sabarimala and the Makara Jyothi illuminations at the shrine are visible from here.
Accessing Pullumedu: Location: 43 km from Thekkady, 26 km from Periyar.
Pullumedu can be accessed only by jeep. Since it is part of the restricted forest zone, special permission to visit has to be obtained from the Wildlife Preservation Officer, Thekkady Ph: 322027.The Range Officer, Vallakkadavu.Ph: 352515.
Chellarkovil (15 km from Kumily): This sleepy little village with its breathtaking view of the plains and cascading waterfalls is a feast for the eyes. The village slopes down to the famous coconut groves of Cumbum in neighbouring Tamil Nadu.
Vandiperiyar (18 km from Thekkady): The River Periyar flowing through the centre of this town nourishes its vast tea, coffee and pepper plantations. A major trade centre, Vandiperiyar is also home to a number of tea factories. The Government Agriculture Farm and Flower Garden have a delightful array of rose plants, orchids and anthuria.
Vandanmedu (25 km from Kumily): This is one of the world's largest auction centres for cardamom. A walk through the sprawling cardamom plantations of Vandanmedu is a heady experience.
A project of the Kerala Forest Development Corporation has caught the attention of tourists, mostly from European countries. The project is exclusive in many respects and the majority who visited were nature lovers and adventure tourists. Over a short period of time visitors to Gavi gradually increased, especially after 'Alistair International' the world acclaimed tourism major recently listed it among the leading eco-tourism centres and one of the must see places in India.
A highlight of the Gavi eco project is the involvement of the local populace in its activities as guides, gardeners and cooks. This will provide livelihood for the locals and also will help to create awareness on conservation of nature. Gavi offers its visitors activities like trekking, wildlife watching, outdoor camping in specially built tents, and night safaris.
The road leading to the picturesque Gavi is blanketed by tea plantations, which itself is a refreshing experience. En route to Gavi are places of interest like Mundakayyam, Kuttikanam, Peermedu and Vandiperiyar from where the road deviates to Gavi.
Once you reach Gavi the serene eco-lodge 'Green Mansion' awaits you like a fairy to embrace you in its protective fold. From 'Green Mansion', one can savour the spectacular view of the Gavi Lake and the adjoining forests.
Besides the accommodation provided in 'Green Mansion' visitors can also try out the tree houses and also even pitch tents amidst the wilderness. Here one can have outstanding trekking experiences, which are overseen by trained local people. Those who would love to be left alone can do so in the tranquil environs of Gavi or may even go canoeing in the placid waters of the lake or enjoy a breathtaking sunset. Visitors are usually provided vegetarian food and snacks, which further adds to the eco-friendly ambiance of the place.
The place is rich in flora and fauna. There are hills and valleys, tropical forests, sprawling grasslands, sholas, cascading waterfalls and cardamom plantations. Endangered species including the Nilgiri Thar, Lion-tailed macaque is often sighted at the outskirts of Gavi. With more than 260 species of birds including the great pied hornbill, woodpecker, and kingfishers, Gavi is a haven for birdwatchers. Active involvement of tribals in Gavi makes it a unique venture of its kind in the country. Traditional knowledge of the forest and its way of life helps Gavi to sustain its surroundings in its original state.
Some of the breathtaking viewpoints at Gavi like the Valley View offer spectacular view of the deep ravine and the forest below. From Kochu Pampa, a point near Green Mansion eco-lodge one can track the grazing Nilgiri Tahrs.
The famous pilgrim destination, Sabarimala is a short trek from Gavi. For those interested in observing the nocturnal wildlife, night safaris to Kullur, Gavi Pullumedu, Kochu Pampa, Pachakanam provide ample opportunities for wildlife viewing.
Another unique feature of Gavi is, camping in the forests. One can pitch a tent in the camping site, which is a rarity in many Indian forests. As the dusk stretches into the silence of the night, one can feel the presence of wildlife in the middle of nowhere, an experience that cannot be explained in words. There are also tree top houses where one can enjoy the avian life to the fullest.
Gavi is bound to cast its magical spell on every visitor and is surely a place that should not be missed in one's lifetime. Gavi is pristine, and it belongs to the wild, which is a reminder that visitors are responsible for their intentions and actions, which will have a bearing on the upkeep of Gavi for a long time to come.
Getting there: Gavi is located above 28 km from Vandiperiyar, which is 18 km from Thekkady.
Nearest railway station: Kottayam, about 114 km away.
Nearest airports: Madurai Airport (Tamil Nadu), about 140 km away; Kochi International Airport, about 190 km away.
Contact Address Periyar Tiger Reserve, Eco-Tourism Project,, Periyar. Tel: 91-4869-224577
This is the only place in Kerala that has a natural growth of sandalwood trees. The sandalwood factory of the Forest Department, the caves (muniyaras) with murals and relics from the New Stone Age civilization and the children's park spread across a hectare of land under the canopy of a single Banyan tree are of great interest to tourists. Thoovanam Waterfall and Rajiv Gandhi National Park are also nearby. (40 km from Munnar).
Marayoor occupies a vast area on the slopes of the Western Ghats in Idukki district and is an important pre-historic site in Kerala. Apart from the Dolmenoid cists (Dolmenoids were burial chambers made of four stones placed on edges and covered by a fifth one called the cap stone) in Muniyara, Marayoor is famous for its natural sandalwood forests and pre-historic rock paintings.
A land-locked district, Idukki is one of the most nature rich areas of Kerala. The Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary here spreads over an area of 77 sq km in the Thodupuzha and Udumpanchola taluks of the district. Situated at an altitude of 450-748 m above sea level, this sanctuary occupies the forest land between the Cheruthoni river and the Periyar river. There is a scenic lake around the sanctuary, covered by an enchanting canopy of tropical ever-green and deciduous trees, and offers boat rides.
Elephants, bison, sambar deer, wild dogs, jungle cats, tiger, wild boar etc are seen here apart from various species of snakes including cobra, viper, kraits and numerous non-poisonous ones. Birds include jungle fowl, myna, laughing thrush, black bulbul, peafowl, woodpecker, kingfisher etc. The wildlife here is similar to that of Thekkady. This sanctuary lies adjacent to the world renowned Idukki Arch Dam.
Getting there:
Location :About 40 km from Thodupuzha, Idukki district, central Kerala.
Thodupuzha - Kochi is about 58 km.
Nearest railway stations: Kottayam about 114 km; Changanassery about 114 km away.
Nearest airports: Madurai in neighbouring Tamilnadu, about 140 km away; Kochi international airport, about 190 km away.
The pride of Kerala and a testimony to nature's splendour and human innovation, the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on the banks of the Periyar lake - an artificial lake, at Thekkady. Here the high ranges of the Western Ghats are clothed in dense evergreen, moist deciduous forests and savannah grasslands. Below this thick green canopy roam herds of elephants, sambars, tigers, gaurs, lion tailed macaques and Nilgiri langurs.
In addition to elephant rides, cruises on the lake and treks to the ruined Mangaladevi temple - a beautiful old stone temple situated in the heart of the Thekkady forest, this sanctuary offers the unique opportunity to watch and photograph wild elephants at close quarters.
Lake Palace and Aranya Nivas are two idyllic accommodation options set in the sylvan lake side background. The romantic Lake Palace, formerly a summer retreat of the Maharaja of Travancore, is built on a small island accessible only by boat. Aranya Nivas(Jungle Retreat) a stone lodge with rubble masonry and colonial style of architecture at the head of the lake is a premium property of the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation.
Getting there:
Location: Thekkady, about 4 km from Kumili in Idukki district, central Kerala
Nearest railway station: Kottayam, about 114 km
Nearest airports: Madurai (Tamilnadu) about 140 km; Cochin International Airport, about 190 km.
A unique thorny scrub forest with xerophyte species, Chinnar is the habitat for the endangered Giant Grizzled Squirrel of India. The last world count of these squirrels was less than 200. Located in the rain shadow area of the Western Ghats, unlike other sanctuaries in Kerala, Chinnar gets only 48 days of rain every year. Rich in wildlife, the mixed deciduous forests here are ideal for trekking.
An extensive Sandalwood forest nearby is an added attraction. This is also an ideal place to watch herds of Bisons march past. Dry deciduous forests, high sholas and wet grasslands add to the diversity of the sanctuary. As one travels from Karimuthi to Chinnar, Elephants, Spotted Deer, Sambar, Hanuman monkey and even Peacocks can be spotted on either sides of the road.
Getting there:
Location : About 60 km from Munnar,Idukki district.
Nearest railway station : Ernakulam about 130 km from Munnar.
Nearest airport : Cochin International Airport, about 150 km from Munnar.
A sanctuary for the endangered mountain goat of South India, the Nilgiri Tahr ( Hemitragus hylocrious), the Eravikulam National Park stands out for the stark beauty of its rolling grasslands and sholas, spread over 97 sq km in the Rajamalai hills.
Anamudi, the highest peak (2695 m) south of the Himalayas, towers over the sanctuary in majestic pride. The slopes of the hills abound in all kinds of rare flora and fauna. The Atlas moth, the largest of its kind in the world, is a unique inhabitant of the park. Other rare species of fauna found here are the Nilgiri Langur, the lion-tailed macaque, leopards, tigers, etc.
An ideal place for trekking, facilities are provided here and tourists are allowed to go on foot up to Anamudi.
A protected area, the sanctuary is divided into three regions - the core area, the buffer area and the tourism area. Visitors are allowed only to the tourism area - Rajamalai - the region lying beyond the road entry into Eravikulam. Here one can observe the Nilgiri Tahr at close quarters.
Don't make this your destination for a monsoon visit because visitors are not allowed here during this season.
Getting there:
Visiting hours : 7:00 am to 6:00 pm.
Location: Eravikulam is 15 kms from Munnar.
Nearest railway stations: Kottayam, about 142 km from Munnar; Ernakulam, about 130 km from Munnar.
Nearest airports: Madurai (Tamilnadu) about 142 km; Cochin International Airport, about 150 km.
This is a famous pilgrim centre on the way to Kattappana, and it resembles mount Calvery where Jesus Christ was crucified.
The ancient temple, 15Kms from Thekkady, is hidden in the dense woods at the top of a peak 1337 m above sea level. The temple built in the traditional Kerala Style of architecture visitors are allowed here only on Chitra Pournami festival day. The peak commands a panoramic view of the eastern slopes of the Ghats and small hill villages of Tamil Nadu.
Location: About 58 km from Kochi city and 13 km northeast of Kothamangalam in Ernakulam district; Thattekkad is in Devikulam taluk, Idukki district, central Kerala.
Thattekkad is made up of dense tropical evergreen and deciduous forest and grassland patches, housing a population of over 500 species of exotic birds. This globally acclaimed bird sanctuary owes much of its fame to Dr. Salim Ali, the internationally renowned ornithologist. It is the exotic microcosm of India's bird population that brought Dr. Salim Ali to this place. His efforts were instrumental in the formation of this sanctuary to a large extent.
Spread across 25 sq. km. the sanctuary lies between the tributaries of the river Periyar like a peninsula. Rare birds like the Crimson-throated Barbet, Bee eater, Sunbird, Shrike, Black Winged Kite, Night Heron, Falcon, Grey Jungle Fowl, White-Breasted Water Hen, Hornbill, Ceylon Frogmoth, Rose-billed Roller and Blue-winged Parakeet live here.
Thattekkad also has extensive plantations of teak, rosewood, mahagony, etc. The dense forest is also the home of nearly 28 varieties of animals and nine varieties of reptiles.
Getting there:
Nearest railway station : Aluva, about 48 km away.
Nearest airport : Cochin International Airport, about 44 km.
Devikulam (7 km from Munnar): This idyllic hill station with its velvet lawns, exotic flora and fauna and the cool mountain air is a rare experience. The Sita Devi Lake with its mineral waters and picturesque surroundings is a good picnic spot. The lake is also ideal for trout fishing.
Thommankuth (17 km from Thodupuzha): The seven step waterfall here is a much loved picnic spot. At each step there is a cascade and a pool beneath. Thommankuthu is an ideal place for adventure tourism.
This is the world's second and Asia's first arch dam, constructed across the Kuravan and Kurathi hills. 550 ft. high and 650 ft. wide, the dam lies close to the Cheruthoni barrage. To its west is the Kulamavu Dam. Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary is located closeby.
Kumily: (4 km from Thekkady) This plantation town, closely associated with Thekkady, is situated on the outskirts of the Periyar Sanctuary. An important shopping centre and spice trade centre, the main bus station and most of the medium range accommodation in the Periyar region are in Kumily.
The ancient temple, located 15 km from Thekkady, is hidden in the dense woods at the top of a peak 1337 m above sea level. The temple is built in the traditional Kerala style of architecture. Visitors are allowed here only on the Chithra Pournami festival day. The peak commands a panoramic view of the eastern slopes of the ghats and some hill villages of Tamil Nadu. Permission to visit the area can be obtained from the Wildlife Warden, Thekkady. Ph: 322027
The very sound of the word Thekkady conjures up images of elephants, unending chains of hills and spice scented plantations. In the Periyar forest of Thekkady is one of the finest wildlife reserves in India, and spread across the entire district are picturesque plantations and hill towns that hold great opportunities for treks and mountain walks. Thekakdy is sistuated at an altitude of 900-1800 m above sea level.
Flora: Over 1965 flowering plants including 171 grass species 143 species of orchids the only South Indian conifer Podocarpus Wallichianus.
Fauna:
Mammals: Thirty five species including the wild elephant, gaur, sambar deer and wild boar which can be sighted from the boats the Nilgiri Tahr in the higher rocky areas the endangered lion tailed macaque confined to the evergreen interiors the bonnet macaque, Malabar giant squirrel, flying squirrel, tiger, jungle cat, sloth bear etc.
Birds: 265 species including migrants. The hornbill, stork, woodpecker, kingfisher, raptor, cormorant, grackle, darter etc.
Reptiles: Cobra, viper, krait, a number of non poisonous snakes, and the monitor lizard.
Amphibians: Frogs, toads and limbless caecilians include the colourful Malabar gliding frog, common Indian toad, fungoid frog and bicoloured frog.
Pisces (fish): The Periyar lake and streams have several species of fish including the masheer, the famous and endangered game fish of India. The otter, the only mammal of the lake, can be frequently spotted from the boat.
Plantations: Tea, cardamom, pepper and coffee plantations surround the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.
The Sanctuary Watch Towers: There are two watch towers in the interior of the Periyar forest. Reservations can be made at the Forest Information Centre, Thekkady. Ph: 322028.
Permitting authority: The Wildlife Preservation Officer, Periyar Tiger Reserve, Thekkady.
The Cheeyappara and Valara waterfalls are located between Neriamangalam and Adimali on the Kochi - Madurai highway. The Cheeyappara Waterfalls cascade down in seven steps. It is a real feast for the eyes. This is also a great place for trekking
: It is noted for two acres of evergreen forests upon a huge rock. The rock is more than 500 acres in area and an ideal spot for mountaineering.
Located on the Thodupuzha - Moolamattam road, this artificial lake is accessible by road. The reservoir is ideal for boating and fishing.
The seven step waterfall here is a much loved picnic spot. At each step there is a cascade and a pool beneath. Thommankuthu is an ideal place for adventure tourism.
This is a famous pilgrim centre on the way to Kattappana
Rolling green hills and the fresh mountain air make Ramakalmedu an enchanting retreat. The hilltop also offers a panoramic view of the picturesque villages of Bodi and Kambam on the eastern slope of the Western
55 km from Kottayam, 20 km from Thodupuzha. This is another picnic spot located in the midst of the beautiful hillocks near Kanjar. It is easily accessible from Palai in Kottayam district. Surrounded by three enchanting hillocks - Mankunnu, Kodayathoormal and Thonippara - makes this place ideal for trekking.
Mattupetty (13 km from Munnar): Situated at a height of 1700 m, Mattupetty is known for its highly specialised dairy farm - the Indo Swiss Livestock Project. Over a 100 varieties of high yielding cattle are reared here. Visitors are allowed into 3 of the 11 cattle sheds at the farm. Visit time: 0900 - 1100 hrs and 1400 - 1530 hrs. Rate Rs. 5/- per head. Ph: 530389.
The Mattupetty lake and dam, just a short distance from the farm, is a very beautiful picnic spot. The sprawling Kundala tea plantations and the Kundala Lake are other attractions in the vicinity. DTPC Idukki provides boating facilities on the Mattupetty Dam. Speed launch, slow speedboat and motorboats are available on hire.
Chithirapuram (10 km from Munnar): With its sleepy little cottages, bungalows, old playgrounds and courts, Chithirapuram still exudes an old world charm. Home of the Pallyvasal Hydel Power Project, this hill town is also famous for its picturesque tea plantations.
(18 km from Munnar): This waterfall on the way to Thekkady from Munnar cascades down a steep rock 2000 m above sea level. The spot is enriched with the scenic western mountain ranges, and is an ideal place for a break on the way to the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary in Thekkady.
This idyllic hill station is a favourite haunt of trekkers and picnickers. The hill is named after Peer Mohammed, the Sufi saint, who spent his last days here. The Mausoleum of the saint, the summer palace of the royal family and the residence of the Diwan situated nearby are all worth a visit.
Grampi is also known as Parunthupara (eagle rock) because of the panoramic view from its high peaks. Rocky plains, lush hillsides, forests, trekking trails and picturesque views lend charm to this destination. The road to Grampi is flanked by unending stretches of cardamom, tea and coffee plantations.
The rolling hills, the lovely landscape and the gentle breeze make this an ideal spot for long walks. The hills offer a breathtaking view of the sunrise and sunset.
A place for adventure tourism and trekking, or even a langourous, tranquil break. This picturesque plantation town washed in the fragrance of cardamom is surrounded by lush, green hills
Anayirankal (22 km from Munnar): It's a lush green carpet of tea plants. A trip on the splendid reservoir is an unforgettable experience. The Anayirankal Dam is surrounded by the Tata Tea Plantation and evergreen forests. It is an ideal picnic spot.
This is the venue of the first Hydro Electric Project in Kerala and a place of immense scenic beauty.
Keezharkuth: (25 km from Thodupuzha in Idukki). The Rainbow waterfalls, which cascade down a rock from a height of about 1500 mt is a wonderful attraction of this spot. It can be seen throughout the year in full swing. The forest around this spot is home to various medicinal plants. It is an ideal place for rock climbing, mountaineering and camp trekking.
Getting there:
Nearest railway station: Changanacherry, about 93 km from Idukki
Nearest airport: Madurai (Tamil Nadu) about 140 km from Idukki. Cochin International Airport, about 190 km from Idukki.
Attukal (9 km from Munnar in Idukki): A panorama of waterfalls and rolling hills, Attukal, located between Munnar and Pallivasal, is a feast for the eyes. The place is also ideal for long treks.
Getting there:
Nearest railway station: Changanacherry, about 93 km from Idukki
Nearest airport: Madurai (Tamil Nadu) about 140 km from Idukki. Cochin International Airport, about 190 km from Idukki.